In a momentous accomplishment, Jaipur, the Pink City of India, was granted the esteemed status of the 38th UNESCO World Heritage Site on July 6, 2019. This recognition, bestowed during the 43rd session of the World Heritage Committee in Baku, Azerbaijan, underscores Jaipur's significance as a cultural and architectural treasure. India now boasts 38 world heritage sites, a testament to its rich historical and cultural tapestry.
Situated 268 km from the national capital, New Delhi, Jaipur stands as the capital city of Rajasthan. Its allure lies in a unique blend of distinct geography, vibrant culture, and grand palatial architecture, making it one of the most visited cities in India. The city's urban planning is a harmonious fusion of ancient Hindu, Mughal, and Western influences, reflecting an exchange of ideas across different cultures.
B.L. Dhama, a renowned Indian architect and former superintendent of ASI, meticulously chronicled Jaipur's history in his book, 'A Guide to Jaipur and Amber.' Originally the capital of Dhundhar, later renamed Rajasthan, Jaipur's founding in 1727 by Sawai Raja Jai Singh marked a pivotal moment in its history. The city's architectural marvels, including the City Palace, Jantar Mantar, and Hawa Mahal, are enduring testaments to Jai Singh's grand vision.
The executive summary of Jaipur's nomination for inclusion on the World Heritage List succinctly captures its exceptional status. The city stands as an outstanding example of indigenous city planning in South Asia, deliberately designed on the plains for trade, in contrast to the hilly terrain of medieval cities. Jaipur's selection within a flat, untouched valley south of Amber hills showcases exemplary planning. Its iconic monuments, such as the Govind Dev temple, exemplify the artistic and architectural craftsmanship of the 18th century, reflecting astronomical skills and foresighted city planning.
The Pink City owes its distinctive hue to Sawai Ram Singh I, who adorned it in 1876 to welcome H.R.H. Albert Edward, Prince of Wales. This tradition endured, rendering Jaipur its moniker.
The lineage of rulers, from Dhola Rai Kachhawaha to Sawai Raja Jai Singh II, played pivotal roles in shaping Jaipur's destiny. Jai Singh II, a remarkable ruler, not only expanded Amber into a vast territory but also distinguished himself as a scientist and soldier. His descendants, including Ram Singh II, Madho Singh II, and Man Singh II, continued to govern with zeal until the latter relinquished power to the Indian government.
Jaipur's cultural richness is evident in the patronage of arts and crafts by its rulers. Landmarks like Jawahar Kala Kendra and Ravindra Manch, along with the state museum, showcase the city's artistic heritage. The Jaipur Gharana of Kathak, Ghoomar, and Tamasha are integral parts of the city's vibrant cultural landscape. The renowned Jaipur Literature Festival and various live performances further contribute to the city's cultural vibrancy.
The city's crafts, including bandhani, block-printing, and sculpture, are celebrated globally. Jaipur's array of places of interest, such as Hawa Mahal, Albert Hall & Museum, Amber Palace, and Jantar Mantar, beckon tourists to explore its rich history and architecture.
In essence, Jaipur stands as a living testament to India's cultural grandeur, seamlessly blending the past with the present. Its UNESCO World Heritage status solidifies its place as a jewel in India's cultural crown.